Huge changes are taking place in international diplomacy which have created an opening and a certain appreciation for the contributions that can be made by private citizens to international peacemaking. Heads of states meet, have hitea, discuss issues and release jo. The nature of track three diplomacy and its influence on. Pdf application of multi track diplomacy for peace. The brainchild of a handful of academics, freethinking state department bureaucrats, and public intellectuals in the 1970s, track ii. Communications and the media for the nine tracks wheel of multi track diplomacy media is the core 11 part of interaction. Diplo works to increase the role of small and developing states, and to improve. In this context eleven types of diplomacy can be identified.
Multitrack diplomacy refers to an abstract way to view the process of international peacemaking as a living system. Multitrack diplomacy is a concept developed and put into practice by louise diamond and myself, cofounders of the institute for multitrack diplomacy. Assessing good practice and areas for improvement lessons learned retreat schloss hueningen, march 46, 2007 protocol oliver wolleh may 2007 introduction the overall aim of this retreat was to offer space for learning and exchange between a number. Trackone diplomacy takes place as part of the regular interactions of states and also throughout the life cycle of conflicts. Download as a pdf file 107kb kaldor, mary application of multi track diplomacy for peace building. An approach to prevent and resolve water conflicts 3. It is therefore the purpose of this paper to present track one and a half diplomacy as operationalized at the carter center in order to enhance the ongoing struggle for clarity of its. Track ii diplomacy or backchannel diplomacy is the practice of nongovernmental, informal and unofficial contacts and activities between private citizens or groups of individuals, sometimes called nonstate actors. Evaluating the contributions of tracktwo diplomacy to. Using multitrack diplomacy to deal with ethnic conflict.
For the past three decades, kei has played a critical role in expanding dialogue and understanding between the u. The future of tracktwo diplomacy berkley center for. Track iii diplomacy article about track iii diplomacy by. The main task of individual diplomatic services is to safeguard the interests of their respective countries abroad. Track one and a half diplomacy and the complementarity of tracks. Unofficial diplomatic intervention is formed by track two diplomacy t2 and track oneandahalf diplomacy t1. This is the world of official diplomacy,policymaking, and peacebuilding as expressedthrough formal aspects of the governmentalprocess. Multitrack diplomacy a systems approach to peace pdf download. Trackone diplomacy may escalate or deescalate a conflict. Definition of mtd multitrack diplomacy is a conceptual way. Instead of stability, chaos and anarchy have been the dominant characteristics in the contemporary international system. Traditionally, the term diplomacy referred to interaction between nationstates. Multitrack diplomacy is the strategy of operating on several tracks simultaneously both in terms of groups and also issues of conflicts including official and unofficial conflict resolution.
This paper presents track three diplomacy which has been overlooked by most leaders in the world. Peterson recognition of governments legal doctrine and state practice, 18151995 gary d. Exceptional in its systemic approach to peacemaking and conflict resolution, multitrack diplomacy identifies the actors and activities that contribute to peacemaking and peacebuilding processes. In multitrack diplomacy, all sectors of society are important and need to be involved, supported, listened to, and trained in a shared language of dialogue, conflict resolution, and peacebuilding in order to prevent or end violent conflict. The limitations of the rationalistic approach to peacemaking and conflict settlement has been associated with the relative failures of the postcold war era. Diplo is a nonprofit foundation established by the governments of malta and switzerland. Track two diplomacy, which i was able to get printed by the us government printing office in 1987. Cyberboard gameboxes for diplomacy and colonial diplomacy diplomacy and colonial diplomacyspecific gameboxes created for cyberboard, a utility created expressly to support playing board games by email. It is also referred to as people to people diplomacy. Seeking common interests and engagement in a dynamically changing and turbulent world by allen keiswetter and bishop john chane.
Law and the practice of diplomacy ian hurd is associate professor in the department of political science at northwestern university. The term multitrack diplomacy was coined in 1989 in a chapter in dr. Official discussions typically involving highlevel political and military leaders and focusing on ceasefires, peace talks, and treaties and other agreements. Law and the practice of diplomacy northwestern university. Track two diplomacy and multitrack diplomacy are common in conflict resolution.
The tracks of multitrack diplomacy mediator academy. Examples of multitrack diplomacy include official and unofficial conflict resolution efforts, citizen and scientific exchanges, international business negotiations, international cultural and athletic activities and other international contacts and cooperative. What is the meaning and usefulness of track 1, track 2. Generif information about cyberboard can be found at the cyberboard home page. The idea that international exchanges can take many forms beyond official negotiations between diplomats. Track ii diplomacy and its impact on pakistan india peace process 111 it is a process of unofficial dialogue between disputing parties, conducted directly or with the help of third party, by the influential citizens who normally have access to their governments and have ability to influence the public opinion. Institute for multitrack diplomacy imtd home facebook.
The middle east and south asia dalia dassa kaye the hague, netherlands institute of international relations clingendael. This article provides a snapshot of diplomatic thinking about track iinonofficial diplomacy, from interviews with distinguished american diplomats. What are the different tracks in multitrack diplomacy. A systems approach to peace kumarian press books for a world that works diamond, louise, mcdonald, ambassador john on. Assessing the european unions approach to multitrack diplomacy. It interacts with all the actors involve in the peace building page process. Track one diplomacy track one diplomacy or official diplomacy has a long history whose roots lie in the remote history of humankind. Track one diplomacy is official government diplomacy whereby communication and interaction is between governments. Imtd takes a holistic approach to diplomacy that seeks to engage all stakeholders. Longterm commitmentmaking an ongoing commitment to people and to processes that may take years to come to fruition. Rethinking track two diplomacy peace palace library.
Relationshipbuilding strong interpersonal and intergroup relations throughout the fabric of society. The new public diplomacy soft power in international relations peter neville appeasing hitler the diplomacy of sir nevile henderson, 193739 m. New challenges, new solutions marija manojlovic and celia helen thorheim the hague, netherlands institute of international relations clingendael. Track 2 diplomacy powerpoint presentation free download as powerpoint presentation.
Kei has organized briefings, closeddoor discussions, and private bilateraltracktwo meetings, including its annual opinion leaders seminar ols and. Official diplomacy such as track one t1 involves state and official actors. Abc of diplomacy 3 introduction diplomacy is the means by which states throughout the world conduct their affairs in ways to ensure peaceful relations. Track two diplomacy is the unofficial interaction and intervention of nonstate actors. The institute for multitrack diplomacy imtd is a nonprofit organization founded in 1992 by ambassador. The new diagram eliminated the hierarchical approach to understanding conflict resolution, replacing it with a compass design. Official discussions typically involving highlevel political and military leaders and focusing on cease. Track two is extending the peacemaking mode far beyond conflict resolution to the uncharted territory of planetary healing.
Diamond and mcdonald, the institute for multitrack diplomacy imtd with this expanded model, we sought to redesign our original diagram. Evaluating the contributions of tracktwo diplomacy to conflict termination in south africa, 198490 daniel lieberfeld department of government and legal studies, bowdoin college this article evaluates the political impact of three nonofficial, tracktwo initiatives aimed at resolving the conflict in south africa. A systems approach to peace kumarian press books for a world that works. Track 1 track 1 government, or peacemaking throughdiplomacy. Track two was further expanded in conflict resolution. Multitrack diplomacy is the strategy of operating on several tracks simultaneously both in. Track ii diplomacy and its impact on pakistan india peace. The use of art in international relations a dissertation submitted to the faculty of the graduate school of arts and sciences of georgetown university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts in communication, culture and technology by spencer james oscarson washington, dc april 28, 2009. It contrasts with track i diplomacy, which is official, governmental diplomacy that occur inside official government channels. Multitrack diplomacy european commission europa eu.
Track 2 diplomacy powerpoint presentation diplomacy. Governments may try to prevent conflicts, resolve them, and support reconstruction and reconciliation activities. In 201011 he was a fellow at the niehaus center for globalization and governance at the woodrow wilson school, princeton university. Rawnsley radio diplomacy and propaganda the bbc and voa in international politics, 195664. The concept is an expansion of the original distinction made by joseph montville in 1982, between track one official, governmental action and track two unofficial, nongovernmental action. The multitrack concept is meant to convey the idea that all sectors of society are important and need to be involved, supported, listened to, and trained in a shared language of dialogue, conflict resolution, and peacebuilding in order to prevent or end violent conflict the institute for multitrack diplomacy developed the following. During the era of richard nixon, his secretary of state, henry kissinger traveled to the middle east to mediate a. Multitrack diplomacy law and legal definition uslegal, inc. Different levels of diplomacy track 1, track 2, track 3. Exceptional in its systemic approach to peacemaking and conflict res. Pdf multitrack diplomacy and human security researchgate.
Transformational diplomacy summary many foreign affairs expert s believe that the interna tional system is undergoing a momentous transition affecting its. Institute for multitrack diplomacy imtd, arlington, virginia. More recently, however, scholars have delineated several levels of diplomacy. Track ii diplomacy refers to nongovernmental, informal and unofficial contacts and activities between private citizens or groups of individuals, sometimes called nonstate actors. In a world where traditional interstate diplomacy often misses critical dynamics of global affairs, such as the influences of religion and culture, there are increasing calls to buttress, or bypass altogether, traditional diplomacy in favor of societycentered tracktwo diplomacy. History of multitrackdiplomacy multitrack diplomacy is an expansion of the trackone, track two paradigm that has defined theconflict resolution field during the last decade. Government being official representatives of government, who traditionally come together to resolve the conflicts within the nation, for instance. Track one diplomacy is official government diplomacywhereby communication and interaction is betweengovernments.